Sewer construction



G. E. WARING, Jr. SEWER CONSTRUCTION.

(No Model.)

Patented 'Oct. 7, 1890.

Inrenlor:

44W, Jam-J UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE E. VARING, JR, OF NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

SEWER CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,739, dated October '7, 1890.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. VVARIN G, Jr., of the city and county of Newport, in the State of Rhode Island, have made a new and useful Improvement in Sewer Construction and the Like, of which the following-is a specification.

The material now used in the constructio of sewers-Vitrified and cement pipes and [o brick-has well-known defects, which make perfect work uncertain. Vitrified pipes are not true in form. They are difficult and at times impossible to lay with tight joints. They are subject to breakage after laying,

I 5 and they are liable, especially when the sewer after laying is used to drain the ditch, to accumulate silt and rubbish during construction. After they are laid their interior condition cannot be properly inspected or conzotrolled. Cement pipes, save for their truer form, are subject to all the defects of vitrified pipes, while, as generally made, they have the further drawback of instability of material. Brick sewers are costly in construc- 2 5 tion. They are rough in interior surface, and,

as ordinarily laid, are very deficient in tightness.

The purpose of my improvement, among other things, is to increase the natural 0 strength of articles of approximately cylindrical shape, longitudinally divided, and made of a molded material. This I do by molding the sections with an embedded plate or rib of iron or other suitable material, so that the resistance of the sewer to pressure may be increased without increasing its thickness. The sections can thus be made very light and the necessary strength secured, even with thinner walls than has heretofore been customary, by

the suitable application of the re-enforcing plate or rib.

My invention also relates to certain details of construction more fully described below.

Various methods of applying my invention are shown in the drawings.

Figure l is an end elevation of a conduit embodying my invention. Fig. 4 is an isometric drawing of a portion of the conduit into which a branch leads from above, Fig. 5

being a longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of one form of Application filed December 3, 1889. Serial No. 332,409- (No model.)

the ends of the molded rabbets of the lower section, indicating a rabbet for the reception of the jointing material. This rabbet may be of any convenient form. Fig. 3 shows the same rabbet-joint with the addition of a strip of metal or the like to protect the joint against leakage.

In each of the drawings, i is a wall of cement, concrete, or other suitable substance, in which is embedded one or more re-enforcing plates or ribs j of some stronger material. For this purpose I prefer to use one or more metal plates, (preferably iron,) according to the size and location of the sewer, or the circumstances under which it is to be used, and suitably shaped to re-enforce the material of which the sewer is made. Ribs of iron or other suitable material, placed at proper intervals, may be used in the place of metal plates.

Wherever joints are to be made, whether connecting an upper and a lower section or connecting two lengths of the conduit, it is extremely desirable that the parts to be connected shall be properly centered or aligned. For this purpose I provide on the edge of one of two surfaces to be joined, projections and corresponding depressions in theedge of the other surface-as, for example, is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 at f and g'each projection fitting into its corresponding depression and keeping the parts in line while they are being permanently connected. The same result will be eifected by partially embedding a strip or piece of metal or other suitable material on one part, so as to project slightly from it and fit into a suitable groove in the other part, into which mortar or cement may be put, if desired.

I am aware that sewer-pipes and other pipes have previously been made in upper and lower sections; but such pipes have been of circular form, each section constituting substantially a half-circle. This form is for many uses objectionable, inasmuch as the capacity of the channel which it is sometimes desirable to use without the cover is neither of such form as to give the best scouring effeet to a small stream, nor of such capacity as to admit of an economical use of material.

I therefore make my sewer-pipe of oval secbe placed at such height as to leave an ample water-way below it to lessen the probability that sewage will escape outwardly through this joint in dry seasons and so contaminate the ground,

When the conduit is made in an upper and a lower section, the sections may be provided with, depressions or grooves 12 in their adjoining surfaces, in which case,-if the upper section is to be removable it may be kept in place by strips of wood or the like laid into the depressions without cement or water; or instead of the depressions the upper sections may be provided with lips which fit over the edges of or onto the lower section (see Fig. 1 at 7t) and keep the upper section in place on the lower section, but allow it to be lifted easily.

I am aware that in the manufacture of pipes formed of a series of rings of compressed dry clay (powdered) to be burned in a kiln a vitrifiable material has been applied to them .by means of grooves previous to burning. v

I am also aware that in connecting theends of pipes which are to be held together by bolts depressions have been made in their flanges to receive gaskets, which areto be tightly compressed bybolting them together. I do not therefore claim, broadly, the use of this method of jointing; but I do claim the use of grooves filled with a material which will unite or cement readily without burning, and the tightness of which does not depend on pressure, such as the drawing together of flanges by bolts.

In order to make a water-tight joint between any two parts, I make depressions or grooves like the grooves bin the adjoining surfaces and fill them a little more than full of motor or other suitable joining material. When two surfaces so prepared are joined, the mortar will unite and form a water-tight mass, and such a joint may be further strengthened by the introduction of a strip of metal or other suitable material embedded in the joining material in some cases so as to break joints with the sections to be connected, which strip will prevent the cement being washed away while setting. This method of joining is more particularly adapted to fastening the upper section upon the lower section, but may be used with end joints.

To fasten the lengths of pipe together, I

, prefer to make the depressions inthe form of rabbets, as shown at d in Figs. 2 and 3, Fig. 3 showing the rabbets filled with mortar, and providing a strip of metal or other suitable substance 0, inserted therein, which may be used or not, as desired.

I do not wish to confine myself to the form of rabbet 01 as shown, the purpose being properly inspected, which purpose may be accomplished by any formation of the ends of the pipes which when they are placed in contact will leave a space exposed at the inside of the channel wide enough for proper cementing and sufficiently close at its outer part to prevent the extrusion of the cement.

By the use of a conduit having an upper and a lower section it is possible to introduce all branches into the sewer at the top. Figs. 4 and 5.) Hence branch pipes need not be provided in the original construction of the sewer. When a new branch is to beintroduced, a length of the cover may betaken off and replaced by a corresponding length having a branch projecting from it, as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. This is one great advantage in building a sewer in upperand (See lower sections, as it allows the water-way to be entirely uninterrupted, except when two main sewers come together, all man-holes, hand-holes, and inspection-pipes being connected with the upper section only.

It is not necessary in all cases that sewers made in an upper and a lower section should be re-enforced, as above described, as if made of material of the best quality they will be sufficiently strong for many uses without reenforcement,wl1ich is especially useful in the case of sections of large radius used for covers and for sewers of large diameter. latter case the strength given to a conduit by such re-enforcement allows it to be made of much larger diameter than is usual with the ordinary cement or vitrified pipes, and hence it may be used in places where, but for it, brick sewers would be a necessity.

In constructing the lower section of my sewer in suitable ground it may be molded in the bottom of the trench, the re-enforce plates or ribs when used being properly shaped and embedded in the process of construction. The cover will then be applied afterward and suitably secured in the manner described to the bottom section.

For use in ground not suited for construction in the trench and for convenience of transportation and work the material may be formed at a factory, as is the case with ma terial now used.

WVhat I claim as my invention is- 1. A sewer pipe or conduit made in two molded sections, a lower section to'form a channel and occupying more than one-half In the of theheight of the pipe for sewage and the said upper section being provided with one or more branches or openings projecting therefrom, as set forth.

3. A section of sewer-pipe provided at each end with a rabbet cl, as shown, or its equivalent, as described.

4. A section of sewer-pipe having depressions upon its meeting edges, in combination With a suitable cement, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A conduit consisting of two or more lengths of sewer-pipe, the contiguous edges of which are provided With meeting depressions or rabbets adapted to be filled with mortar or cement to form a tight joint by the setting of such mortar or cement Without extraneous pressure, as and for the purposes set forth.

6. A conduit consisting of two or more lengths of sewer-pipe, the contiguous edges of which are provided with depressions which have been filled with cement or mortar and containing a re enforcing strip embedded therein, as set forth.

7. A conduit consisting of two or more lengths or sections of sewer-pipe, the contiguous edges of which are provided with depressions, into which is set a protecting-strip of metal or the like, as and for the purposes set forth.

8. A sewer-pipe made in two sections, a lower section to form a channel and an upper section or cover composed of concrete or other suitable material re-enforced with embedded plates or ribs, as described.

GEO. E. XVARING, JR. I

Witnesses:

V. H. CHAPMAN, L. E. BURLEIGH. 

